Approach to a normotensive patient with primary aldosteronism / 中华内分泌外科杂志

The typical manifestations of primary aldosteronism (PA) are hypertension with or without hypokalemia, high aldosterone, and low renal level. However, PA with normal blood pressure is rare in clinical practice. This article reported the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with subclinical PA, admitted for "adrenal accidental tumor" with normal blood pressure and serum potassium. We summarized and analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies, in order to provide some reference for clinicians.

Retraso del diagnóstico en un paciente con Hakim Adams / Delayed diagnosis in a patient with Hakim Adams

La hidrocefalia normotensiva es una patología caracterizada por alteración en la marcha, incontencia vesical, déficit cognitivo, hallazgos imagenológicos de ventriculomegalia comunicante y, presión normal de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Por la ambigüedad de sus síntomas y por la falta de criterios imagenológicos muy concluyentes es una patología de difícil diagnóstico inicial; el paciente muchas veces acude a distintos especialistas por síntomas aislados hasta que se relacionan los mismos y, se deriva el caso a Neurología / Neurocirugía. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 65 años que presentó un cuadro de 2 años de evolución de incontinencia urinaria tratado como alteración de la micción secundaria a una hiperplasia prostática benigna sin mejoría alguna en ese intervalo de tiempo. Luego se agregó al cuadro una alteración en la marcha que fue poco valorada por el paciente y su entorno, sin ser conscientes del déficit cognitivo hasta que se realizó la evaluación neuropsicológica. Si bien el paciente presentaba la triada clásica que caracteriza a la hidrocefalia de presión normal, no fue hasta dos años luego del inicio del cuadro que se llegó al diagnóstico y, fue intervenido quirúrgicamente. Se colocó una válvula de derivación ventrículo peritoneal de presión media, con la cual presentó una evolución favorable y, resolución absoluta de los síntomas.

Normotensive hydrocephalus is a pathology characterized by impaired gait, bladder incontinence, cognitive deficit, images findings of communicating ventriculomegaly and normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Due to the ambiguity of its symptoms and the lack of conclusive images criteria, it is difficult initial diagnosis pathology; the patient often goes to different specialists for isolated symptoms until they are related, and the case is referred to Neurology / Neurosurgery. We present the case of a patient who presented a 2-year history of urinary incontinence treated as an alteration of urination secondary to a benign prostatic hyperplasia without any improvement in that time interval. Then a gait disturbance was added to the picture that was poorly valued by the patient and his environment, without being aware of the cognitive deficit until a neuropsychological evaluation. Although the patient presented the classic triad that characterizes normal pressure hydrocephalus, it was not until two years after the onset of the condition that the diagnosis was reached and underwent surgery. A peritoneal ventricular shunt of medium pressure was placed, presenting a favorable evaluation and complete resolution of symptoms.

Study of Serum Uric Acid Level in Patients with Systemic-Essential Hypertension in the Context of New 2017 ACC/AHA High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline.

Hypertension poses a challenge to public health as well as to the medical science. Final metabolite of purine in humans is uric acid, increased serum level of which is associated with cardio-renal risk, although serum uric acid (SUA) level appears to have different effects on blood pressure (BP), depending on level and how long subjects were exposed. We wanted to study the association between hyperuricemia and hypertension, in various aspects, in the context of new 2017 ACC/ AHA High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guidelines.METHODSThe study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Agartala, Tripura. It is a case control study. SUA estimation was in 160 hypertensive patients and 160 normotensive controls, by using uricase method. SPSS version 24 was used for data entry and analysis. Chi square test and unpaired t test were used, wherever applicable.RESULTSOut of 320 subjects, who were included in the study, 160 subjects were hypertensive and 160 subjects were normotensive. There was strong association between hypertension and hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia is more common in males and in patients with stage II hypertension.CONCLUSIONSThe association between hyperuricemia and hypertension, has long been recognized. It remains unresolved whether the association of high uric acid level with high blood pressure is solely because of the underlying renal and metabolic abnormalities. Association of hyperuricemia and hypertension indicated that, hyperuricemia might be a target for the proposed therapeutic evaluation for the prevention of hypertension and provided impetus for the future design research work including interventional studies.

Hyperuricemia among hypertensive and normotensive individuals: a case control study

Background: The depth of association between hypertension and serum uric acid remains a mystery. In order to know the exact association between hypertension and serum uric acid, authors intended to investigate the serum uric acid levels among hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients and, authors assessed whether hyperuricemia increases with increasing duration of hypertension and severity of hypertension.Methods: This case control study was conducted among hypertensive (Cases) and non-hypertensive patients (Controls) attending outpatient and inpatient department of general medicine in Sri Muthukumaran Medical College and Research Institute during January 2019 to March 2019. A total of hundred patients were included in this study with fifty cases and control each. Data was conducted using a proforma, covering particulars related to hypertension and the levels of serum uric acid were also noted in the same. Data analysis was done using SPSS.Results: Hyperuricemia among cases and control was found to be statistically significant association with odds ratio of 3.7. Also, the study showed that the serum uric acid levels were significantly increased in patients with Stage 2 hypertension compared to stage 1 hypertension. Also, cases with longer duration of hypertension had significantly raised serum uric acid levels compared to cases with lesser duration of hypertension.Conclusion: Assessment of serum uric acid may be recommended for all the hypertensive cases

Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy induced hypertensive patients and normotensive patients

Background: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy complicates 5 to 8% of pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy account for nearly 18% of all maternal deaths worldwide, with an estimated 62000-77000 deaths per year.Methods: This one-year prospective case control study total 200 pregnant women attending antenatal care and admitted in Eclampsia ward fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied. Fetal and maternal outcomes data recorded and documented. Statistical analysis of data was done by student’s t-test and p-value.Results: In PIH 68% women had normal vaginal delivery (p=0.004) 10% women had instrumental delivery. In PIH group 22% women had emergency caesarian section and in normotensive group 10% women had emergency caesarian section. In PIH group 58% delivered at term and 42% had preterm delivery. In normotensive 95% delivered at term and 5% had preterm delivery (p <0.001). PIH group 29% women developed IUGR whereas in normotensive group all women had normal growth velocity (p <0.001). In PIH group 69% mothers had newborn with birth weight <2.5 kg and 31% women had newborn with birth weight >2.5 kg (p=0.0009). While In normotensive group only 9% women had newborn with birth weight <2.5 kg. In PIH group, 24% newborn babies needed NICU admission and in normotensive group only 5% newborn needed NICU admission (p=0.001). In PIH group 76% women had normal maternal outcome (p <0.001). 11% had associated abruption (p=0.0019). In the rest 13% patient develop PRES.Conclusions: We concluded that there is a significant rise of complication in mothers having PIH and also there is an increased risk of delivering low birth weight and preterm babies. The early use of antihypertensive drugs, optimum timing of delivery and strict fluid balance, anticonvulsants in cases of eclampsia will help to achieve successful outcome.

Role of Echocardiographic Systolic Parameters in Pre Eclamptics and Normotensive Women

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a disease unique to pregnancyand it is characterized by progressive hypertension,pathological edema and proteinuria. But till now thehemodynamics of preeclampsia is not properly understoodand is debated. Study aimed to assess maternal cardiovascularfunction using echocardiography in normal and preeclampticwomen.Material and Methods: Our study was a prospective studyon 200 women admitted in the Department of Obstetrics andGynaecology, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of MedicalSciences, Bommakal, Karimnagar, Telangana state, India. Allwomen underwent two-dimensional echocardiography at rest.Cardiac systolic parameters were recorded and studied.Results: The studied parameters like Mean Left ventricularend-diastolic volume (LVEDV), Mean stroke volume, Meanaortic root diameter and Mean total vascular resistancewere higher in the Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)group than the controls and the difference was statisticallysignificant. The Mean left ventricular outflow tract diameterin the Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) group wasalso higher than the control group, with the difference beinginsignificant.Conclusion: Women with preeclampsia have significantsystolic dysfunction compared to normotensive controls.Blood pressure monitoring alone is insufficient to identifyeffectively.

Serum Visfatin in Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy in Lagos, South-Western Nigeria

Background: Adipocytokines have been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Visfatin is one of such adipokines.Objective: To determine the association between serum visfatinlevels and preeclampsia.Methods:A prospective, case-control study was carried out in 160 pregnant womenconsisting of80 pre-eclamptics and 80 normotensive controls, matched for age and parity during the third trimester. Maternal serum visfatinlevels were determined in both groups using a visfatin (Human) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum Visfatin levels were compared between the groups and correlated to the blood pressure, proteinuria,fetal birth weight and Apgar scores.Results:The mean serum visfatin level was significantly higher (10.3±6.9ng/ml)in preeclampsia than (7.4±4.4ng/ml) in the control group (p=0.001). The mean serumvisfatin level was higher in severe pre-eclamptics (10.8±8.9ng/ml) compared to (9.6±5.8ng/ml)in mild preeclamptics and this was statistically significant (p=0.021).Visfatin levels showed a negative and non-significant correlation with both systolic (r= -0.011 and p=0.924), diastolic blood pressure(r= -0.012, p=0.913) and body mass index (r= -0.142, p=0.209) in both study and control groups. Mean birth weight was significantly lower in the preeclampsia (2.8±0.25kg) compared to the control group (3.2±0.31kg) P=0.000. The mean birthweight was lower in severe preeclampsia (2.7±0.25kg compared to 2.9±0.39 in mild preeclamsia. There was no significant correlation between the visfatin levels and Apgar score at 5minutes and birth weights in both groups (P=>0.05).Conclusion:This study showed a significant increase in the level of visfatin in preeclampsiacompared to their normo-tensive controls. However, this increased level was not consistent with the severity of the disease.

The Clinical Utility of Serum Albumin and Uric Acid Measurements in Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting multiple systems and woman has dangerously high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine. Therefore serum albumin and uric acid are useful biochemical markers reflecting the severity of the occurrence of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Objective: The aim was to study the role of albumin and uric acid in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Methods: This is the case-control hospital based study carried in the Grant Government Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Government Hospitals, Mumbai. Normotensive pregnant women (n=50) and women with preeclampsia (n=50) and eclampsia (n=50) were included in the study. Both the groups were in their third trimester and of same age and same gestational age. Serum albumin and uric acid were estimated by BCG endpoint and Uricase – PAP method respectively. Result: The alterations of serum albumin and uric acid levels in preeclampsia and eclampsia pregnant subjects were found as compared to those of control group. A negative and significant correlation (r = -0.492 and -0.602, p < 0.001) was observed between serum albumin with uric acid in study subjects. Conclusion: The results suggest that, albumin and uric acid are important factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and eclampsia and are directly related to the severity of disease.

Cardiovascular Responses to Isometric Handgrip Training in Normotensive Medical Students

Background: Dynamic handgrip exercise evaluates autonomicresponses to physical activity. The isometric hand gripexercises training effect on cardiovascular system so thatsimilar benefits if any could also be obtained to same extent insimilar age group if they practice physical training regularly.Though there is a vast knowledge on exercise, but data onexercise and its effects on the cardiovascular system and longterm survival are still limited.Material & Methods: A Randomized cross sectional studydone on 100 MBBS students from Mulayam Singh YadavMedical College Meerut. Subjects were evaluated before andafter the training sessions of isometric handgrip exercise forhemodynamic changes like blood pressure, Pulse rate andmaximum volumetric contraction.Results: In present study the mean value of SBP weresignificant but DBP non- significant (P=0.001, 0.005NSrespectively) in Male and Female (P=0.001, 0.005NSrespectively).Conclusion: Thus the arterial pressure reduction reported inthis study would have an important impact on thesecardiovascular related illnesses. Furthermore, our resultssupport the concept that isometric training is an effectivemodality in the prevention of hypertension.

Microalbuminuria among obese and non-obese individuals: a case control study

Background: Microalbuminuria among obesity cases reflects specific glomerular damage or is the marker of generalized endothelial cell dysfunction is still debatable. Thus, this study aimed to assess the presence of microalbuminuria among obese persons and non-obese individuals, who were euglycemic and normotensive.Methods: A case control study was conducted among patients attending outpatient department of general medicine in Govt Thiruvarur Medical College, Thiruvarur, for their illnesses from June 2017 to December 2017. A total of hundred participants with fifty obese cases and fifty non obese controls were included in this study. Detailed history and examination were done by the principal investigator and the same was documented in a proforma. Data entry was done using Microsoft excel and the statistical analysis includes odds ratio were calculated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.Results: Among the study participants, 32% and 4% had microalbuminuria in obese and non-obese group, respectively. Also, obese participants were 11.29 times at higher chances of having microalbuminuria when compared to the non-obese patients with significant p value (p=0.002).Conclusions: Microalbuminuria can be used to predict the risk of complications in obese subjects in order to bring down the overall morbidity and mortality related to renal function.

A Prospective Study on Incidence of Peripheral Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes levies a heavy toll on the vascular system, with both macrovascular and microvascular complications. PAD is one of the major microvascular complications of Type 2 DM [2]. PAD is highly prevalent in diabetes. It has a predilection for lower limbs. It has been assumed that the metabolic abnormality in the prediabetic phase predisposes to more distal and aggressive atherosclerosis. Methods: The duration of study was over a period of 6 month. Total 75 cases were included in this study with diabetic mellitus. This study was conducted in the Department of surgery in Krishna Mohan Medical College & Hospital, Mathura, U.P, India. Result: In our study 75 cases with diabetic mellitus were included. Out of 75 cases 64% male & 36% were female. Predominant age was >75 year followed by other age groups. In this present study, 15 cases of hypertensive & 2 cases of PVD out of hypertensive were found. Conclusion: This study suggested that incidence of PVD is about 10% in the present study. This has to be viewed seriously considering the huge diabetic population and due importance to be given for screening and prevention of PVD.

HELLP syndrome, a difficult diagnosis: a case report

HELLP is an acronym that refers to a syndrome characterized by Haemolysis with a microangiopathic blood smear, Elevated Liver enzymes, and a Low Platelet count.  Recent studies suggested that some women will develop HELLP without the manifestations of classical symptoms. Authors present the case of a 22-year-old normotensive primigravida who went into severe thrombocytopenia and haemolysis leading to DIC, finally the diagnosis of normotensive HELLP syndrome was made. Present case report attempts to illustrate the diagnostic dilemma that a clinician faces in diagnosing an atypical presentation of HELLP syndrome. Management of jaundice during pregnancy especially in third trimester remains a dilemma for the obstetrician because of its varied aetiology, unpredictable prognosis and guarded perinatal outcome. Authors therefore recommend a rational stepwise approach toward the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome and its atypical presentation.

Morphometric Characterization Of Umbilical Cord Vessels And Neonatal Outcome

Morphologic and morphometric characterization of the umbilical cord and vessel components could greatlyassist in improving adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate therelationship between morphometry of umbilical cord vessel components and neonatal outcome. A descriptivecross sectional study was conducted on 207 umbilical cords attached to placentae obtained from VictoryMaternity Home and Clinic in Kumasi (Ghana) between November, 2013 and October, 2014. Umbilical cordlength, diameter, and vessels’ diameter were measured with the umbilical cord still attached to the placenta.Neonatal anthropometries were recorded within 24 hours after delivery. The mean ± SD of vein diameter betweenneonates of normotensive 3.36 (±0.88) and hypertensive mothers 3.82 (± 0.50) showed a significant difference.The body length of neonates with short umbilical cord length was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of thosewith long cord lengths. Quantitative analysis indicated a positive linear relationship in umbilical cord and itsvessels components with neonatal anthropometry (p<0.05). In conclusion, the morphometry of the umbilicalcord and its vessels could predict maternal and neonatal outcome and therefore would be useful in earlydetection and management of neonatal abnormalities.

Hidrocefalia De Presión Normal / Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Resumen La hidrocefalia de presión normal es una patología reversible que forma parte de las demencias. A pesar del tiempo que ha transcurrido desde su descubrimiento, su fisiopatología no ha sido claramente establecida y se han planteado dos teorías que buscan explicar el proceso. Una está basada en cambios en el flujo de líquido cefalorraquideo y la otra en el flujo sanguíneo cerebral. Además, el proceso de evaluación y diagnóstico no está determinado, puesto que no existe un método estándar y los síntomas son similares a otras patologías de sistema nervioso central, haciendo que el diagnóstico se realice gracias a la suma de los síntomas clínicos y ciertos hallazgos imagenológicos que no son siempre constantes.

Abstract Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a pathology causing dementia that is reversible. Despite the time elapsed since its discovery, its pathophysiology has not been clearly established and two theories have been proposed that try to explain the process, one based on changes in cerebrospinal fluid flow and the other on cerebral blood flow. In addition, the evaluation and diagnosis process is not determined, since there is no standard method and the symptoms are similar to other pathologies of the central nervous system, leading to the diagnosis as the summation of clinical symptoms and some findings in imaging which are not always constant.

Cardiovascular reactivity in young adults with hypertensive and normotensive parents: A gender based comparative study

Introduction: Essential hypertension begins due to mutation of specific genes that contribute to the risk of developing hypertension. Genetic contribution was recognized 25 years ago, now formulated from time to time. Some studies have also proven that the hypertension in father had strong contribution in their individual than mother. The aim of the study is to compare the cardiovascular reactivity in male and female subjects with hypertensive and normotensive parents. Materials and methods: This comparative study was conducted in physiology department of Teerthanker Mahaveer medical college and research center, Moradabad. The research work was initiated after taken the ethical clearance from the ethical committee of the college. Three different stressors: cold pressor task, cycling and videogame were used. Total 120 subjects were taken for the study in which 77 were male and 43 were female. Result: Male subjects of normotensive parents had slightly higher HR rate (mean: 76.73/min) compared to the female subjects (mean: 75/min) with p value >0.05. Female subjects of hypertensive parents had higher HR rate (mean: 82.72/min) compared to the male subjects (mean: 73.95/min) with p value <0.001. Conclusion: Male subjects with normotensive parents had higher resting HR, SBP &DBP than Female subjects with normotensive parents, but the difference was significant only in SBP. Female subjects with hypertensive parents group was showing higher resting HR than male subjects with hypertensive parents group, remains higher after stress also with insignificant difference. Thus, subjects with hypertensive parents showing increased CVR to stress are more likely to develop future hypertension, and the risk is greater for male subjects.

Cisternografía radioisotópica con 99Tc-DTPA para confirmación diagnóstica de la hidrocefalia oculta normotensa / 99 Tc-DTPA radionuclide cisternography to confirm the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente que ingresó en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras con antecedentes de etilismo crónico y cuadro clínico progresivo de deterioro cognitivo-conductual, trastornos de la marcha y esfinterianos, a quien se le realizó una cisternografía radioisotópica con el objetivo de comprobar su eficacia en el estudio de la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo para diagnosticar la hidrocefalia oculta normotensa. La resonancia magnética de cráneo evolutiva evidenció hidrocefalia y la cisternografía radioisotópica confirmó el diagnóstico de hidrocefalia oculta normotensa. A la paciente se le realizó una derivación ventrículo peritoneal con la que se obtuvo una respuesta clínica evolutiva favorable. Se concluye que la cisternografía radioisotópica continúa siendo una herramienta útil para confirmar este diagnóstico y predecir la respuesta al tratamiento derivativo(AU)

A female patient who was admitted to Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical and Surgical Hospital is presented here. She had a history of chronic alcohol abuse and progressive clinical deterioration of cognitive behavioral, abnormal gait and sphincter disorders. This patient had a radioisotope cisternography in order to test its effectiveness in the study of the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid, and to diagnose normotensive hidden hydrocephalus. This MRI revealed hydrocephalus and skull evolutionary radioisotope cisternography confirmed the diagnosis of normal pressure hidden hydrocephalus. This patient received a shunt with a favorable evolutionary clinical response. It is concluded that cisternography radioisotope remains a useful tool to confirm this diagnosis and predict response to derivative treatment(AU)

Assessment of Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) among Saudi Population at KAMC-Riyadh.

Background: One of the most common complications that affect around 2-5% pregnant women is elevated blood pressure defined as gestational hypertension. Aims & Objective: To compare and correlate between plasma urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and plasma glucose and urine protein in pre-eclamptic and normotensive groups. Materials and Methods: This is quantitative retrospective chart review study. It is an hospital based case control study involving data from 199 age – matched Saudi women, discharged from Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of King Abdul Aziz medical city during the period of 2013-2014. The data were collected following standard procedures and statistical analysis was done using independent t – test and correlation. Results: The levels urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium in the serum, plasma glucose and urine protein were significantly elevated in pre-eclamptic women when compared to normotensives (p= 0.000, p= 0.000, p= 0.005, p= 0.000, p= 0.000, p= 0.000 respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between urea and protein, urea and creatinine (r=0.3 P=0.002), (r=0.7 p=0.000) respectively. Conclusion: The elevated values of serum creatinine, urea, urine protein, sodium, potassium and plasma glucose preclude them to be useful for consideration as consistent predictive indicator(s) for pre-eclampsia or pregnancy related hypertension.

Elevated Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Induced Hypertension is not Significantly Reversed by Oral Administration of Antihypertensive Agent.

Aims: This study investigated the effects of elevated body mass index and waist circumference on blood pressure control in hypertensive subjects under a specific antihypertensive agent in comparison with normotensive subjects. Study Design: One factor quasi-experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. December, 2014-November, 2015. Methodology: The research subjects and control subjects between ages 31-60 years both male and female subjects were selected. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured using mercury sphygmanometer. The body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres. While the waist circumference was measured at the level of the iliac crests using a flexible tape and passing along the umbilical level of the unclothed abdomen. Results: Comparing the body mass index and waist circumference of both untreated and treated hypertensive subjects with the normotensive subjects showed a significant increase (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Elevated body mass index and waist circumference may be a predisposing factor to high blood pressure and resistant to antihypertensive agents. Reducing body mass index and waist circumference may be a way of enhancing effectiveness of antihypertensive agents.

Blood pressure lowering effect of statin drugs with an application to rosuvastatin

Hyperlipidemia and hypertension are among the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and they often co-exist within a single patient. Recently, many studies published results regarding the potential role of statins in decreasing blood pressure (BP) however there is still a controversy over the efficacy of statin therapy on BP. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of rosuvastatin in BP lowering properties in Korean population. Data were taken from three randomized, multiple-dose cross over studies for rosuvastatin, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and metformin monotherapies and the combined therapy of rosuvastatin and ARB, in total of 91 healthy male normotensive subjects. Measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at the baseline before treatment begins and for 24 hours after the last dose were used in the analysis. The analysis variables used were (i) the mean change in steady-state BP from the baseline, symbolized as ΔBP, and (ii) the difference in ΔBP between the ARB monotherapy and the combined therapy, symbolized as ΔBP,d. The ΔBP and ΔBP,d for SBP from each study varied in -0.1 ~ -1.3 mmHg and 1.2 ~ 1.6 mmHg, respectively, and were not significantly different from zero. The ΔBP and ΔBP,d for DBP from each study varied in -2.8 ~ -1.4 mmHg and -2.9 ~ -1.8, respectively, which were statistically significant for ΔBP (p 0.05). These results indicated that the rosuvastatin monotherapy may produce small blood pressure lowing effect in DBP.

Efeitos do treinamento intervalado na resposta hipotensiva de militares com diferentes padrões de condicionamento físico / Effects of aerobic running interval training in hypotensive response of military with different standards of aerobic conditions / Efectos del entrenamiento de intervalos aeróbico de correr en la respuesta hipotensora de los militares con diferentes estándares de condiciones aeróbicas

O exercício tem sido considerado um importante instrumento não farmacológico de controle da pressão arterial (PA). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo investigou os efeitos de uma sessão de alta intensidade de Treinamento Intervalado Aeróbio de corrida (TIA) sobre o nível de Hipotensão Pós-esforço (HPE) de indivíduos com diferentes padrões de condição física. Dezesseis homens jovens foram divididos em dois grupos: um com condicionamento aeróbio superior (GSup; n=8; VO2max=55,5ml·kg-1·min-1) e outro inferior (GInf; n=8; VO2max=42,1ml·kg-1·min-1). Os grupos realizaram sete repetições de 400m de corrida, com intensidades de 117% (GInf) e 113% (GSup) da velocidade relativa ao consumo máximo de oxigênio (vVO2max), com intervalos recuperadores de 1min30s. Os valores de PA sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram registrados antes do esforço (Pré) e 0, 10, 20, 30, 45 e 60 min pós-esforço (Pós). Apenas o GInf apresentou HPE na PAS no momento 60 min Pós em relação a Pré (113,8±2,5 vs. 124,6±2,2 mmHg; respectivamente, p=0,03). Em relação à PAD, os dois grupos apresentaram HPE nas medidas Pós, comparativamente com o valor Pré - GInf a partir de 20 min e GSup de 10 min Pós (p<0,02). O GInf apresentou PA média (PAM) Pós inferior a Pré durante os 60 min (p<0,01) e o GSup somente no momento 45 min (p<0,02). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto à PAS, PAD e PAM (p>0,05). Os resultados sugerem que uma maior intensidade relativa do TIA pode levar a uma redução mais pronunciada nos níveis de PA até uma hora pós-exercício.

Exercise has been considered an important non-pharmacological intervention to control blood pressure (BP). Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of one session of high intensity Aerobic Interval Training (AIT) upon post-exercise hypotension (PEH) levels in subjects with different fitness patterns. Sixteen young men were separated in two groups: one with higher (GH; n=8; VO2max=55.5ml·kg-1·min-1) and the other with lower (GL; n=8; VO2max=42.1ml·kg-1·min-1) aerobic conditioning. Both groups performed seven repetitions of 400m running, with intensities of 117% (GL) and 113% (GH) of the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max), with 1min30s recovery intervals between stimuli. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP values were registered before (Pre) and at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min post-exercise (Post). Only GL showed PEH at 60 min in Post compared to Pre (113.8±2.5 vs. 124.6±2.2 mmHg; respectively, p=0.03). In regard to DBP, both groups presented PEH in Post compared to Pre - GL from 20 min and GH from 10 min until 60 min Post (p<0.02). GL showed a lower mean BP (MBP) in Post compared to Pre during the 60 min registered (p<0.01) and GH only at minute 45 (p<0.02). There were no differences between groups in regard to SBP, DBP and MBP (p>0.05). The results suggest that higher relative intensities of AIT may induce to a more pronounced reduction in BP levels until one hour after the effort.

El ejercicio se ha considerado una importante intervención no farmacológica para controlar la presión arterial (PA). En consecuencia, el presente estudio investigó los efectos de una sesión de Entrenamiento de Intervalo Aeróbica de alta intensidad (EIA) en los niveles de Hipotensión Pos-Ejercicio (HPE) en sujetos con diferentes patrones de acondicionamiento aeróbico. Dieciséis hombres jóvenes fueron separados en dos grupos: uno con una mayor (GSup, n = 8; VO2 máx = 55.5ml • kg-1 • min-1) y el otro con inferiores (GInf; n = 8; VO2max = 42.1ml • kg -1 • min-1) acondicionamientos aeróbicos. Ambos grupos realizaron siete repeticiones de 400m de corrida, con intensidades de 117% (GInf) y 113% (GSup) de la velocidad en el consumo máximo de oxígeno (vVO2máx), con intervalos de recuperación de 1min30s entre estímulos. Valores de PA Sistólica (PAS) y Diastólica (PAD) se registraron antes (Pre) y 0, 10, 20, 30, 45 y 60 min después del ejercicio (Pos). Sólo GInf demostró HPE a 60 min del anuncio en comparación con Pre (113,8 ± 2,5 vs 124,6 ± 2,2 mmHg, respectivamente, p = 0,03). En lo que respecta a la PAD, ambos grupos presentaron HPE en lo Pos cuando comparados con el pre - GInf de 20 min y la GSup de 10 min hasta 60 min después (p <0,02). GInf mostró una menor media de PA (PAM) en Pos comparando-se con el pre durante los 60 min registrado (p <0,01), y GSup sólo en 45 minutos (p <0,02). No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en lo que respecta a la PAS, PAD y PAM (p> 0,05). Los resultados sugieren que las intensidades relativas más altas de EIA pueden conducir a una reducción más acentuada en los niveles de PA hasta una hora después del esfuerzo.